It was the first meeting of Lellendo Juntos, an afterschool book club at an urban Title-1 elementary school in South Texas. Rudy, an early childhood student, entered the school’s library and walked towards the tables where the books were spread out for the book club members to select. As he looked over the choices, he grabbed Baseball in April by Gary Soto. Rudy flipped through the book and then stopped to read a page from one of the short stories. By this time, José, a member of the book club, had walked into the library and was standing beside Rudy. Rudy stopped reading, turned to José, showed him the cover of the book, and said, “Finally, a book about Mexicans!” José yanked the book out of Rudy’s hands and intently read a few lines from a random page. He then lifted his head, stared Rudy directly in the eyes and said, “You are right.. . this is about us.” The two boys just stood there for a moment in awe.
Abstract
Early childhood educators continue to see an increase in their culturally diverse student population. As our country continues to grow as a multicultural nation, it is imperative that our early childhood classrooms embrace this rich diversity and provide experiences that affirm all students, families and communities. We (teacher educators) synthesized the current research into the following five frameworks that we believe embody the foundation of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in an early childhood setting: (a) developing a culturally responsive classroom community, (b) family engagement, (c) critical literacy within a social justice framework, (d) multicultural literature, and (e) culturally responsive print rich environments. In this article we situate each framework within the larger context of research. Next we move beyond discussing CRT practices by offering ideas on how culturally responsive classrooms look and how to implement this pedagogy and in an early childhood setting with real classroom practices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alderman, M. K. (2013). Motivation for achievement: Possibilities for teaching and learning (3rd edn.). New York: Routledge.
Au, K. H. (2011). Literacy achievement and diversity: Keys to success for students, teachers and schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
Banks, C. M. (1993). Parents and teachers: Partners in school reform. In J. Banks & C. M. Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (2nd edn.). Columbus, OH: Allyn & Bacon.
Barbour, A. (1998). Home literacy bags promote family involvement. Childhood Education, 75(2), 71–75.
Bennett, S. V., Gunn, A. A., & Leung, C. (2016). Promoting social justice pedagogy while teaching comprehension strategies with multicultural literature. Journal of Literacy Practice & Research, 42(1), 26–33.
Bennett, S. V. (in press). Hozho: “I like the way you dance with the children.” In K. Staikidis & C. E. Ballengee-Morris (Eds.), Transforming our practices: Indigenous art, pedagogies, and philosophies! Alexandria, VA: National Art Education Association Press.
Botelho, M. J., & Rudman, M. K. (2009). Critical multicultural analysis of children’s literature. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Cabell, S. Q., Tortorelli, L. S., & Gerde, H. K. (2013). How do I write…? Scaffolding preschoolers’ early writing skills. The Reading Teacher, 66, 650–659.
Climo, S. (2001). The Persian Cinderella. New York: HarperCollins.
Coburn, J. R. (2014). Domítíla: A Cinderella tale from the Mexican tradition. Walnut Creek, CA: Shen’s Books.
Coffey, H. (2008). Critical literacy. Learn NC: Teaching and Learning from the UNC School of Education. Retrieved from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/4437.
Cummins, J. (2011). Literacy engagement: Fueling academic growth for English learners. The Reading Teacher, 65, 142–146.
Doyle, A., & Zhang, Z. (2011). Participation structure impacts on parent engagement in family literacy programs. Early Childhood Education Journal, 39, 223–233.
Evans, L. S., & Gunn, A. A. (2011). It’s not just the language: Culture as an essential component in preservice teacher education. Journal of Multiculturalism in Education, 7(1), 1–30.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Galdone, P. (1970). The three little pigs. New York: Clarion Books.
Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive reaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 106–116.
Giroux, H. (1987). Literacy and the pedagogy of empowerment. In P. Freire & D. Macedo (Eds.), Literacy: Reading the word and the world (pp. 1–29). Westport, CT: Heinemann.
Grant, C. A., & Ladson-Billings, G. (Eds.). (1997). Dictionary of multicultural education. Phoenix: Oryx.
Gunn, A. A., Brice, A. E., & Peterson, B. J. (2014). Ideas for the classroom—Culturally responsive teaching: Exploring children’s names and cultural identities. Childhood Education, 90(2), 174–176.
Gunn, A. A., & King, J. (2015). Using empathetic identification as a literacy tool for building culturally responsive teaching with preservice teachers. Teacher Development, 19(2), 1–15.
Harper, L. J., & Brand, S. T. (2010). More alike than different: Promoting respect through multicultural books and literacy strategies. Childhood Education, 86, 224–233.
Howard, G. R. (2006). We can’t teach what we don’t know: White teachers, multiracial schools (2nd edn.). New York: Teachers College.
Jaffe, N. (1998). The way meat loves salt: A Cinderella tale from the Jewish tradition. New York: Holt.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 465–491.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2009). The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers for African-American children. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2014). Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: a.k.a the remix. Harvard Educational Review, 84(1), 74–84.
Lewison, M., Flin, A. S., & Van Sluys, K. (2002). Taking on critical literacy: The journey of newcomers and novices. Language Arts, 79, 382–392.
Marshall, J. (1989). The three little pigs. New York: Puffin Books.
McNair, J. C. (2013). “I never knew there were so many books about us”: Parents and children responding to African American children’s literature together. Children’s Literature in Education, 44(3), 191–207.
Newman, L., Arthur, L., Staples, K., & Woodrow, C. (2016). Recognition of family engagement in young children’s literacy learning. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 41(1), 73–81.
Nieto, S. (2004). Series foreword. In V. M. Vasquez (Ed.), Negotiating critical literacies with young children (pp. ix–xii). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Perault, C. (1954). Cinderella. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Phillips, L. (2015). Ten ways for cultivating language and literacy learning through engagement with families and communities. Practically Primary, 20(1), 40–41.
Rafe, M. (1992). The rough-faced girl. London: Puffin Books.
Reutzel, D. R. (2015). Early literacy research: Findings primary-grade teachers will want to know. The Reading Teacher, 69, 14–24.
Reutzel, D. R., & Clark, S. (2011). Organizing literacy classrooms for effective instruction: A survival guide. The Reading Teacher, 65, 96–109.
Robinson, P. (2012). Literacy engagement and parental development through even start family literacy participation. Journal of Research and Practice for Adult Literacy, Secondary and Basic Education, 1(1), 19–29.
Rothenberg, P. (2000). Invisible privilege: A memoir about race, class, and gender (feminist ethics). Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
Rychly, L., & Graves, E. (2012). Teacher characteristics for culturally responsive pedagogy. Multicultural Perspectives, 14(1), 44–49.
Scieszka, J. (1996). The true story of the 3 little pigs. Illus. L. Smith. London: Puffin Books.
Singer, J. Y., & Smith, S. A. (2003). The potential of multicultural literature: Changing understanding of self and others. Multicultural Perspectives, 5(2), 17–23.
Souto-Manning, M. (2009). Negotiating culturally responsive pedagogy through multicultural children’s literature: Towards critical democratic literacy practices in a first grade classroom. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 9(1), 50–74.
Strickland, D. S., Morrow, L. M., Neuman, S. B., Roskos, K., Schickedanz, J. A., & Vukelich, C. (2004). The role of literacy in early childhood education. The Reading Teacher, 58, 86–100.
Teale, W. (1984). Reading to young children: Its significance for literacy development. In H. Goelman, A. Oberg & F. Smith (Eds.), Awakening to literacy (pp. 110–127). Exeter, NH: Heinemann.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Census Bureau releases state and county data depicting nation’s population ahead of 2010 census. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb09-76.html.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Most children younger than age 1 are minorities, Census Bureau reports. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html.
Vasquez, V. M. (2004). Negotiating critical literacies with young children. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Villegas, A. M., & Lucas, T. (2002). Preparing culturally responsive teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 20–32.
Walker-Dalhouse, D., & Risko, V. (2008). Homelessness, poverty and children’s literacy development. The Reading Teacher, 62, 84–86.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bennett, S.V., Gunn, A.A., Gayle-Evans, G. et al. Culturally Responsive Literacy Practices in an Early Childhood Community. Early Childhood Educ J 46, 241–248 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0839-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0839-9