Skip to main content
Log in

Field-dependent changeover from current-to voltage-limiting characteristics by non-linear n-type BaTiO3 ceramics

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Non-linear resistors having current-limiting capabilities at lower field strengths, and voltage-limiting characteristics (varistors) at higher field strengths, were prepared from sintered polycrystalline ceramics of (Ba0.6Sr0.4)(Ti0.97Zr0.03)O3+0.3 at % La, and reannealed after painting with low-melting mixtures of Bi2O3 + PbO +B2O3. These types of non-linear characteristics were found to depend upon the non-uniform diffusion of lead and the consequent distribution of Curie points (T c) in these perovskites, resulting in diffuse phase transitions. Tunnelling of electrons across the asymmetric barrier at tetragonak-cubic interfaces changes to tunnelling across the symmetric barrier as the cubic phase is fully stabilized through Joule heating at high field strengths. Therefore the current-limiting characteristics switch over to voltage-limiting behaviour because tunnelling to acceptor-type mid-bandgap states gives way to band-to-band tunnelling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. SABURI, and K. WAKINO, IEEE Trans. (Com. parts) 10 (1963) 53.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Y. TING, IEEE Trans. Industr. Appl. 8 (1972) 338.

    Google Scholar 

  3. T. R. N. KUTTY, and V. RAVI, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 2 (1991) 79.

    Google Scholar 

  4. V. RAVI, and T. R. N. KUTTY, J. Appl. Phys. 68 (1990) 4891.

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. R. N. KUTTY, and V. RAVI, Appl. Phys, Lett. 59 (1991) 2691.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. YAMAOKA, M. MASUYAMA, and M. FUKUI, Ceram. Bull. 62 (1983) 698.

    Google Scholar 

  7. N. YAMAOKA, ibid. Ceram. Bull. 65 (1986) 1149.

  8. M. FUJIMOTO, and W. D. KINGERY, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 68 (1985) 169.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. WERNICKE, Adv. Ceram. 1 (1981) 272.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Y. NAKANO, and N. ICHINOSE, J. Mater. Res. 5 (1990) 2910.

    Google Scholar 

  11. V. RAVI, and T. R. N. KUTTY, Mater. Sci. Engng B10 (1991) 41.

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. S. GOPALAKRISHNAMURTHY, M. SUBBARAO, and T. R. N. KUTTY, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 37 (1975) 891.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Y. MATSUO, and H. SASAKI, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 54 (1971) 471.

    Google Scholar 

  14. N. S. GAJBHIYE, and T. R. N. KUTTY, Bull. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2 (1986) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  15. B. JAFFE, W. R. COOK, and H. JAFFE, Piezeoelectric Ceramics (Academic, New York, 1972) pp. 92–98.

    Google Scholar 

  16. T. R. N. KUTTY, P. MURAGARAJ, and N. S. GAJBHIYE, Mater. Lett. 2 (1984) 391.

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. R. N. KUTTY, and L. Gomathi DEVI, Mater. Res. Bull. 20 (1985) 793.

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. SMOLENSKY, J. Phy. Soc. Jpn 28 (Suppl.) (1970) 26.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. HENNINGS, A. SCHNELL, and G. SIMON, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) 539.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. J. BURGGRAAF, and K. KEIZER Mater. Res. Bull. 10 (1975) 521.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. T. MARTIREN, and J. C. BURFOOT, J. Phys. C. 7 (1979) 3182.

    Google Scholar 

  22. W. KÄNZIG, and N. MAIKAFF, Helv. Phys. Acta 24 (1954) 343.

    Google Scholar 

  23. P. MURAGARAJ, T. R. N. KUTTY, and M. SUBBARAO, J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 3521.

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. VIVEKANANDAN, and T. R. N. KUTTY, Mater. Sci. Engng B6 (1990) 221.

    Google Scholar 

  25. L. ESAKI, and P. J. STILES, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (1966) 1108.

    Google Scholar 

  26. L. C. CHANG, P. J. STILES, and L. ESAKI, J. Appl. Phys. 38 4440 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. EINZINGER, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 17 (1987) 299.

    Google Scholar 

  28. L. M. LEVINSON, and H. R. PHILIPP, Ceram. Bull. 65 (1986) 639.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ravi, V., Kutty, T.R.N. Field-dependent changeover from current-to voltage-limiting characteristics by non-linear n-type BaTiO3 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 4, 67–73 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226637

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226637

Keywords

Navigation